<b>Aim</b>: Study the news overtures to prevention, diagnosis and therapy of caries disease.<br/> <b>Methods</b>: We conducted one randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT), one cross-sectional study and one systematic review with meta-analysis. The RCT evaluated the efficacy of the Carisolv and CeraBur. In the cross-sectional study we evaluated the efficacy of a new device to detect caries lesions: DIAGNOcam. The systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate efficacy of polyols in caries prevention.<br/> <b>Results</b>: We found a significantly difference in terms of time taken between control group and Carisolv (p&lt;0.001). We found no difference in increment cavity size and in anti-microbial effect between techniques. In the cross-sectional study we found a higher sensibility of the DIAGNOcam device respect to x-rays to diagnose caries in enamel (k=0.24); no statistically significant difference was found in dentin caries (k=1). In the meta-analysis we found that xylitol gum showed a good antimicrobial effect against the mutans streptococci than control group (p&lt;0.01); low increment of ?DMFS at 2 and 3 years follow-up (p&lt;0.01), and low AUC pH than sorbitol gum (p&lt;0.01).<br/> <b>Conclusion</b>: The clinical efficacy of Carisolv and CeraBur seems as reliable as the rotary instruments. The study on DIAGNOcam showed that this new device might be a useful tool in early caries detection. The xylitol gums showed a role in caries prevention.